Ana (30) and Miguel (34) are a couple began his study of infertility after three years of trying without success. They came to two centers of reproductive medicine and the university hospital.
been told in all the same. Have the diagnosis Infertility of unknown cause.
All tests so far have been normal. In the last consultation poses the possibility of an in vitro Fertilization (IVF) and in the center prevents multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, through the freezing of spare embryos from a single induction procedure ovulation. It has also this procedure, the addition of being cheaper than the subsequent induction of ovulation.
They crave parenting, but had not raised the possibility of frozen embryos.
· ASK No. 1
Review biological aspects of the clinical situation and point raised which are the points where it is still not clear. Try to answer as you know or you manage to check with your teacher.
Our first question is whether is it conducted a comprehensive study to conclude that infertility is the cause "unknown"?. We assume that if you are going to try in vitro fertilization studies are available of semen in man indemnity ovulation and tubo-peritoneal in women. However, there are studies that could not have been done, such as diagnostic laparoscopy , to rule out endometriosis, immune Study: antibodies, thrombophilia study.
probably took all the necessary examinations, and who visited 3 sites with no results, so in-vitro fertilization seems to be his last chance. The advantage of this is performed only once is, and avoid repeated ovarian hyperstimulation treatments, resulting in eggs that are fertilized and then frozen, ready to deploy, so that in case of failure of the method, we have other reserve embryos implanted. Thus avoiding multiple pregnancies (which are risky for both mother and fetuses).
· ASK N ยบ 2
addition to the dilemmas arising from the freezing of embryos:
What other situations (legal, social, economic, family) should face a couples seeking Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?
Legal: Chile does not have a law and treatment embryos has not been specified what to do with those embryos in pronucleus surplus status, those who will never be claimed by their parents. At issue is whether these embryos can be donated to other couples, but even so, would embryos "Surplus."
On the other hand, there is some consensus on these methods enable married couples and couples in relationship, but also might have disputes against single women and lesbians.
Social : It makes sense to think that there might be a selfish attitude on the part of couples who spend so much time and money on getting pregnant by these methods, there so many children that need to be adopted and loved in a home. However, nobody can impose it, and it is equally valid to want to conceive a child of a partner product.
Economics: These techniques are expensive, so it produces a bias in the population that has the ability to pay and those without, the latter who are the majority and therefore violates the principle of justice. We also have to consider that technology can fail.
Family: in this area is very important that the wishes of conceiving a son go hand in hand with responsible parents, by what would be a dilemma between providing these methods on demand versus "requirements" necessary to access them.
· ASK No. 3
What is the ethical reflection on these techniques?
ethical problems that arise from these techniques have multiple edges, so you have to look at the issue holistically, that is, from the implications regarding the use of embryos, the problems associated with children born by these techniques.
Frozen Embryo : The main problem with assisted reproduction techniques is the use of preimplantation embryos, the freezing of surplus embryos and the fate that will be given. Some questions that arise are:
· Will they make the parental project of their parents?
· Will be donated to other infertile couples, in what has been called the "prenatal adoption"?
· Will they be destroyed or will die?
· Will they be used for research purposes or for obtaining stem cells, in the interests of Medicine regenerative?
To address these questions, first, try to define what is status of the embryo and their respective rights, and Therefore, respect and protection it deserves. In this regard there are different positions:
a) The embryo as a potential person with the same rights as any
b) That the training of the person is an ongoing process, therefore makes a distinction between an embryo before implantation and one already in place.
c) that arise in certain stages of development: for instance, to eighth week of gestation, at which time completed the process of organogenesis.
Determine when the embryo deserves to be called person is not less because it depends on how a country legislate respect, open doors or not stem cell research, which is subject of a broad debate.
On the other hand, has been in recent times improvements in techniques for freezing oocytes (which was not feasible) that will store these eggs for later use, so it could be a possible solution to the problem of "spare" embryos that are current techniques.
Rather than make a stand, we believe it is imperative to legislate on the subject, so they have clear rules and procedures both the technical side, as the embryos that allow the practice of fertility techniques no irregularities of any kind (eg the manipulation of the embryo and its use as a means of investigation.)
Internet Searching on the subject, we find a bill written by Senator Mariano Ruiz Esquide about assisted reproductive techniques. We very much like the initiative (to read click here )
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